The train, in practical detail
Two operators share the route. ÖBB's Railjet is the Austrian state service and the fastest, running from Prague's main station to Wien Hauptbahnhof in about four hours. RegioJet is the Czech private operator, a little slower at around four and a quarter hours, and known for including a steward, drinks and newspapers in the fare.
Book early and this is a remarkably cheap journey — fares start around €15 on both operators. Walk up on the day and you will pay something closer to €30–50. Since services run through the day, there is little reason to leave it late.
Both terminate centrally. Wien Hauptbahnhof connects straight into the U-Bahn, and Prague's Hlavní nádraží is a few minutes from Wenceslas Square. Factor in getting to and from each station, though: that is typically another 20–30 minutes and a taxi fare at each end, which is the hidden cost people forget when comparing against a door-to-door car.
Where the bus fits
The coach is the budget answer. RegioJet and FlixBus both run it for as little as €10 booked ahead, taking four to four and a half hours depending on traffic around Brno and the Vienna approach.
The coaches themselves are perfectly comfortable — wifi, reclining seats, hold luggage. The compromise is time and flexibility rather than comfort: fewer departures than the train, terminals further from the centre, and no scope to stretch your legs for four hours.
If the fare difference between bus and advance train ticket is only a few euros, which it often is, take the train.
Why flying is a false economy here
It looks quick on paper — barely an hour in the air. In practice you need to be at Prague Airport well ahead of departure, and Prague Airport has no rail connection, so getting there is itself a bus or a car ride.
Add security, boarding, the flight, disembarking and the run into Vienna from its airport, and you have spent four to five hours and more money than the train, with none of the comfort. On a 330-kilometre city-pair with excellent rail, flying is the wrong tool.
The one exception is if you are connecting onward from Vienna's airport to a long-haul flight — in which case a direct transfer to the airport terminal, by train or car, is the thing to compare.
When a private car is worth €479
We sell this transfer, so here is the straight version: on price alone, the train beats us decisively and we are not going to pretend otherwise. Two people going city centre to city centre with a suitcase each should take the Railjet.
What the car buys is a different journey. Four adults with four large cases is where a private vehicle stops being a luxury — €619 in an SUV is under €200 a head, with no station transfers, no luggage racks and no changes. Families with small children and fitted seats are in the same territory. So is anyone on a schedule the timetable doesn't serve, or arriving at a Vienna address that is nowhere near the Hauptbahnhof.
The strongest case, though, is turning the journey into part of the holiday. The route crosses into Austria near Mikulov, a wine town in South Moravia that makes a genuinely lovely two-hour stop, and a longer detour via Český Krumlov turns the transfer into a full sightseeing day between the two capitals. Neither is realistically possible by train or coach. If that is how you would rather spend the day, the comparison is not really against a €15 rail fare — it is against a day tour plus a separate journey.
Border crossing, luggage and practicalities
The Czech Republic and Austria are both in the Schengen Area, so there are no routine border checks by any mode of transport — usually just a sign and a change in road markings near Mikulov. Carry your passport or national ID card regardless, as spot checks do happen.
Both countries use different currencies: Czech koruna in Prague, euro in Vienna. Cards are accepted almost everywhere on both sides, but if you are stopping en route it is worth having a little of each.
By car the drive is straightforward motorway nearly the whole way — the D1 south-east past Brno, then across the border. Tolls and vignettes for both countries are included in a private transfer fare, which is worth checking if you are instead considering a rental car, where they are not.